Poker Variance Calculator

Simulate 1,000 possible futures for your win rate. See realistic downswings, how wide your results can spread, and the bankroll you need to survive them.

Show results in
Expected value 70% range 95% range 20 simulated runs
-3,277-9801,3173,6145,9118,208020,00040,00060,00080,000hands →

Expected profit

2,500 bb

100,000 hands at 2.5 bb/100

70% of players end between

-106 bb … 5,007 bb

95% of players end between

-2,854 bb … 7,289 bb

Chance of losing money

15.8%

after the full sample, per simulation

Best simulated run

11,894 bb

Worst simulated run

-6,447 bb

Median max downswing

19.5 buy-ins

1,953 bb

Bad-luck (95th pct) downswing

38.7 buy-ins

3,872 bb

Chance of a downswing of at least…

10 buy-ins

98%

20 buy-ins

47%

30 buy-ins

15%

50 buy-ins

1%

A downswing is measured peak-to-trough within the sample. 1 buy-in = 100 big blinds.

Risk of ruin

9.60%

Probability of ever losing the whole bankroll at this win rate, playing these stakes forever.

Bankroll for 1% risk of ruin59 buy-ins

Bankroll for 5% risk of ruin38 buy-ins

Bankroll for 10% risk of ruin29 buy-ins

How to use this variance calculator

Enter your win rate and standard deviation in big blinds per 100 hands, plus the number of hands you plan to play. The calculator instantly simulates 1,000 independent runs of that sample and shows you 20 of them, along with the 70% and 95% confidence envelopes around your expected value. Toggle to dollars to see everything converted at your stake's big blind size.

The numbers most players find eye-opening are in the panels below the chart: the median maximum downswing (half of all runs had a worse one), the probability of hitting a 20 or 30 buy-in downswing inside your sample, and your risk of ruin at your current bankroll.

Why variance matters more than you think

A 2.5 bb/100 winner over 100,000 hands still loses money in roughly one out of six simulated runs. That's not a leak — it's math. Understanding the spread of outcomes keeps you from torching a bankroll at stakes you technically beat, and from making tilt-driven conclusions about your game after a bad month. If you don't know your true win rate and standard deviation, the calculator is guessing — Stacker measures both automatically from your logged sessions.

Frequently asked questions

What is variance in poker?

Variance is the statistical measure of how far your short-term results swing around your true win rate. Even a solid winner with a 5 bb/100 win rate will regularly experience breakeven stretches of tens of thousands of hands and downswings of 20+ buy-ins — not because they play badly, but because of the natural spread of outcomes.

What standard deviation should I use?

Typical values are 60–70 bb/100 for full-ring no-limit hold'em, 80–100 bb/100 for 6-max, and 110–140 bb/100 for heads-up or very aggressive styles. Live games tend to run slightly lower per 100 hands. If you track your sessions in Stacker, the app calculates your actual standard deviation for you.

What is risk of ruin?

Risk of ruin is the probability that you eventually lose your entire bankroll despite being a winning player, if you keep playing the same stakes indefinitely. It depends only on your win rate, standard deviation, and bankroll size. The classic formula is RoR = e^(−2 × win rate × bankroll ÷ variance).

How many hands does this calculator simulate?

Each time the inputs change, the calculator runs 1,000 independent Monte Carlo simulations of your full sample (up to 10 million hands) and displays 20 of them on the chart. The downswing and probability numbers are computed across all 1,000 runs.

Does a bigger sample reduce variance?

Your results per 100 hands stay just as swingy, but your cumulative return converges toward your true win rate as the sample grows — the confidence cone in the chart narrows relative to expected profit. This is why win rates measured over fewer than ~50,000 hands are unreliable.

More free poker tools

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Stacker calculates your real win rate, standard deviation, and bankroll automatically from your sessions — the numbers this calculator asks you to guess.

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